We all know that “门”(a door) represents an entrance, and therefore it plays an important role in our lives. The traditional Chinese character for door is written as 門 (mén), and 门 (mén) in simplified Chinese. However, this word has gone through many stages from ancient to modern times. Have a look below:
Besides the most common definition (the large flat object
that you open and close at the entrance of a building or a room), “门” (door) in Chinese has several other meanings that you
should know.
1. Door-like things or objects:
- 冰箱门 (bīng xiāng mén) Fridge door
- 柜门 (guì mén) Cupboard door
- 心门 (xīn mén) This word refers to the ostium. It also refers to the metaphorical
door of one’s heart.
e.g.
为了打开她的心门，我每天都陪她散步，送她回家。但为什么她还是不能告诉我她的秘密？(Wèile dǎkāi tā
de xīn mén, wǒ měitiān dōu péi tā sànbù, sòng tā huí jiā. Dàn wèishénme
tā háishì bùnéng gàosù wǒ tā de mìmì?) In order to open her heart, I walk with
her every day and take her home. But why can’t she still tell me her secret?
2. Entrance or doorway:
- 门可罗雀 (mén kě luó què) This
idiom indicates a place where it is rare that people or guests come, very
desolate. - 门庭若市 (méntíng ruò shì) This
idiom indicates a place that is very lively and bustling. There are many
people. It’s often used in family and business situations.
e.g.
这家饭店20年前门庭若市，很多人排队来这吃饭。但是后来换了一批厨师，生意就慢慢不好了，现在门可罗雀。可惜呀！(Zhè jiā fàndiàn
20 nián qián méntíngruòshì, hěnduō rén páiduì lái zhè chīfàn. Dànshì hòulái
huànle yī pī chúshī, shēngyì jiù mànman bù hǎole, xiànzài ménkěluóquè. Kěxī ya!)
20 years ago, this restaurant was very popular, and many people lined up to eat
here. But then a group of chefs were replaced, and the business slowly
deteriorated, and now there is rare guests. What a pity!
3. Describing a certain family:
- 豪门 (háo mén) refers to a family with power and influence.
- 朱门 (zhū mén) refers to a family with great power
and fortune. - 名门 (míng mén) refers to a famous family. There are usually one or
more celebrities who come from this family. - 寒门 (hán mén) Contrary to the words above, this word refers to a poor
family without fortune or influence. - 门风 (mén fēng) The ethics and moral
standards that a family / clan has kept for generations. - 门当户对 (mén dāng hù duì) A
marriage between families that are of equal social standing. - 双喜临门 (shuāng xǐ lín mén) It indicates that two joyous events
come simultaneously.
e.g.
他家大儿子马上要和一位门当户对的姑娘结婚，小女儿又考上了全国最好的大学，真是双喜临门啊！(Tā jiā dà érzi
mǎshàng yào hé yī wèi méndānghùduì de gūniáng jiéhūn, xiǎo nǚ’ér yòu kǎo
shàngle quánguó zuì hǎo de dàxué, zhēn shì shuāngxǐlínmén a!) The eldest son of
his family is about to marry a well-matched girl, and the youngest daughter has
been admitted to the best university in the country. It is double happiness!
4. A certain school of thought or religious
sect, sometimes referring to a teacher’s or master’s entrance hall:
- 佛门弟子 (fó mén dì zǐ) Buddhist disciple
- 门生(mén shēng) / 门徒(mén tú) Disciple, follower of a famous master
- 同门（弟子）(tóng mén dì zǐ) Disciples / pupils of
the same master - 关门弟子 (guān mén dì zǐ) refers to the last student or disciple that the master
enrolled. - 入门 (rù mén) indicates that one knows the basic principles and
knowledge when learning an art form or technology. - 门外汉 (mén wài hàn) layman,
outsider
e.g.
我来介绍一下，这位是李先生的得意门生小张，这一位是赵先生的关门弟子小陈。两位的老师原来也是同门师兄弟，你们可以互相认识一下。(Wǒ lái jièshào
yīxià, zhè wèi shì Lǐ xiānsheng de déyì ménshēng xiǎo Zhāng, zhè yī wèi shì Zhào
xiānsheng de guānmén dìzǐ xiǎo Chén. Liǎng wèi de lǎoshī yuánlái yěshì tóngmén
shī xiōngdì, nǐmen kěyǐ hùxiāng rènshi yīxià.) Let me introduce, this is Mr.
Li’s favorite student Xiao Zhang, and this one is Mr. Zhao’s close disciple
Xiao Chen. The two teachers turned out to be fellow apprentices from the same master,
so you can get to know each other.
音乐方面，我只是个门外汉，还没有入门，请各位老师多多指教。(Yīnyuè
fāngmiàn, wǒ zhǐshì gè ménwàihàn, hái méiyǒu rùmén, qǐng gèwèi lǎoshī duōduō
zhǐjiào.) In terms of music, I’m just a layman, and I haven’t gotten started
yet. Please give me more advice, teachers.
5. A measurement word, usually for subjects
of study or branches of science, a marriage, or relatives:
- 一门外语 (yì mén wài yǔ) A foreign language
- 一门亲戚 (yì mén qīn qi) A set of relatives
- 一门技术 (yì mén jìshù) A kind of skills
- 一门艺术 (yì mén yìshù) A type of arts
e.g.
你必须要学会一门外语或者一门技术，这样找工作更容易。(Nǐ bìxū yào
xuéhuì yī mén wàiyǔ huòzhě yī mén jìshù, zhèyàng zhǎo gōngzuò gèng róngyì.) You
have to learn a foreign language or technology to make it easier to find a job.
6. A way to do something:
- 窍门 (qiào mén) Knack or key to a problem
- 门路 (mén lù) The way to do something
- 没门儿 (méi ménr) No way!
e.g.
A: 你能告诉我打开这个盒子的窍门吗？(Nǐ néng gàosù wǒ dǎkāi zhège hézi de qiàomén ma?) Can you tell me the trick to open this box?
B: 没门儿！(méi ménr) No way!
7. The categories or arrangements of things
or objects:
- 五花八门 (wǔ huā bā mén) many and manifold; all kinds of things
- 分门别类 (fēn mén bié lèi) be
divided into classes and divisions; classify according to subject
e.g.
这个书店的书五花八门的，你们能帮我把这边的书分门别类放在书架上吗？(Zhège shūdiàn
de shū wǔhuābāmén de, nǐmen néng bāng wǒ bǎ zhè biān de shū fēnménbiélèi fàng
zài shūjià shàng ma?) This bookstore has a variety of books, can you help me
sort the books here and put them on the shelves?
8. As a suffix, indicating a negative event
that got public attention:
- 水门事件 (Shuǐmén shìjiàn) Watergate
scandal - 艳照门 (Yànzhào mén) Sexy Photo Gate (China’s
first big internet celebrity sex scandal)
Bonus word:
- 走后门 (zǒu hòu mén) Originally, this term refers to going through the back
door. Now it also often indicates that someone secures advantages through pull
or influence.
e.g.
A：他的能力那么差，为什么可以当领导？(Tā de nénglì nàme chà, wèishénme kěyǐ dāng lǐngdǎo?) His ability is so poor, why can he be a leader?
B：走后门呗。(Zǒu hòumén bei.) By the back door.
There is a
famous story related to门 (mén) – 程门立雪 (chéng mén lì
xuě). It is the story of Yang Shi and You Zuo, two students in the Song
Dynasty. Patiently and respectfully, they waited in the snow outside the house
of their teacher, Cheng Yi, until the snow piled one-chi deep. This phrase now
means to revere a teacher and respect his or her teachings, with 门 (mén) referring to the door of someone’s house.
Do you have any
questions about the various uses of门 (mén)? Are
there any other Chinese characters you want to see a deep dive for? Let me know
in the comments!
